There are only nine massachusetts records in the two decades 19731993, with three in norfolk county, two each in essex and berkshire counties, and one. Purple prairie clover is palatable and high in protein, therefore mammalian herbivores of all kinds eat this plant readily. The summer form is larger and brighter, with an interrupted forewing band, whereas the winter form is smaller and duller in color opler and krizek, 1984. Utilizing rye allows the vetch to climb during the spring. Kingdom animalia phylum mandibulata mandibulates class insecta insects order lepidoptera butterflies, skippers, and moths family lycaenidae blues, coppers, hairstreaks, elfins. Reddisked alpine butterfly, page 1 best survey period state distribution. The summer form may also appear more strongly colored, with an interrupted forewing band which may distinguish it from the duller winter form opler and krizek, 1984. Widely referred to in the literature as rare andor extremely local though opler and krizek 1984 say locally common in the north, the twospotted skipper is very scarce in massachusetts. Although the red admiral vanessa atalanta does not vary much geographically, it does have distinct summer and winter forms opler and krizek, 1984. Palamedes swallowtail papilio palamedes drury uf entomology. Seasonal wing pattern variation may be caused by changes in humidity, temperature, or length of day pyle 1981, p. Shapiro 1968 showed that the color variation is the result of larvae subjected to long nights of more than 14 hours in the spring. Butterfly gardening in the low desert university of arizona.
Checkered white guide new york natural heritage program. Rates of movement exceeding a million butterflies per minute have been recorded, and in 1966 in tucson, arizona a heavy movement obscured the sun and caused the street lights to be turned on at midday opler and krizek, 1984 and opler, 1992. An updated comprehensive annotated ust of the butterflies. Krizek 1995, hardcover at the best online prices at ebay. A large number of polyphaga families exist either entirely at the waters edge e. Purple prairie clover dalea purpurea bean family fabaceae. They are generally attracted to brightly colored flowers that are shallow and wide enough to provide a perching platform. Some basic information on the four vanessa butterfly. The record referenced is mather 1954 2 which recorded the. Texas opler and krizek 1984, west to eastern nebraska, eastern kansas, the ozarks, with disjunct isolated populations in the eastern foothills of the rocky mountains in central colorado, and in the black hills stanford 1981, stanford and opler 1993, opler 1994, opler and krizek 1984.
Scott, 1986 clouded sulphur eggs are cream colored when first deposited, then turn crimson in a day or two. Individual populations appear to be widely separated, a contributing factor in their rarity. Influence on larval growth of the eastern black swallowtail. Miami blue larvae are bright green with a black head capsule, and pupae vary in color from black to brown minno and emmel 1993, pp. Larvae of the pipevine swallowtail and those of the other swallowtails belonging to the tribe troidini feed on plants in the genus aristolochia and are commonly referred to as the aristolochia swallowtails. Opler and krizek 1984 1 show a map of he distribution of hyllolycaena hyllus cramer thatincludesa southward lobe projecting down along the mississippi river nearly to, but not all the way to, the north boundary of mississippi. Palamedes is a character of greek mythology opler and krizek 1984. Scotts new book, ambitiously also titled the butterflies of north america, is another attempt to encompass the whole fauna as holland had done. Scott 1986 and at least three flights in florida minno et al. An illustrated natural history hardcover april 1, 1984 by professor paul opler author, professor george krizek author 3. In 1974, opler illustrated aspects of the second, and fifth instar larval segments, t, a 9 and 10, and the lateral aspect of the pupae.
Opler and krizek adopted celastrina argiolus pseudargiolus summer form neglectamajor tutt, 1908, to represent a specieslevel taxon, with the same data code articles 10. Outstanding photographs of late instar larvae, pupae and adults can be found in the ontario butterfly atlas allan 1997, holmes et al. Miller and brown, 1981 the species was discovered in ohio in 1980 in findley state park, and led to the creation of the dukes skipper butterfly sanctuary by the ohio department of natural resources, the first of its kind in ohio. Also, not all flowers are good sources of nectar for butterflies. The caterpillars of this species have a black head and light green body. Nectar sources of dayflying lepidoptera of central. Handbook to north american butterflies east and midwest by paul a. The male is light blue on the upperwing with a narrow, dark line running along the edge of the forewing. Preferred nectar sources include buttonbush cephalanthus. The giant swallowtail flies with a more rapid fluttering flight and in a straight line, compared to the schaus swallowtails slower, more hesitant flight. Biokids kids inquiry of diverse species, euphyes dukesi. There is a spring shortday and summer longday form of checkered white.
The larvae are green, sometimes with pale yellow sides, with raised points and a faint green middorsal line. The result is a visually striking book, and one that belongs in every lepidopterists library. The range of lycaeides melissa covers the northern and western united states, portions of central and western canada, and extends southward to northern baja california, mexico. They occur in the upper sonoran to canadian sometimes alpine life zones in the nearctic region. Appalachian azure guide new york natural heritage program. During courtship, the female flies 12 feet above the ground, and the male flies 12 feet above her glassberg et al. Krizek hardcover, 368 pages, published by oxford university press isbn. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Johns hopkins university press, baltimore out of print. Larvae are green with light colored lines nielsen 1999. Illustrated with numerousdiagrams, photos, graphs, maps and tables to text. Inspire a love of reading with prime book box for kids discover delightful.
The summer form is distinctly larger than the winter form. Moth photographers group celastrina neglectamajor 4363. Conservation assessment for olympia marble butterfly. There are two flights in virginia opler and krizek 1984. See all 4 formats and editions hide other formats and editions. An illustrated natural history apr 1, 1984 by professor paul opler, professor george krizek.
Underside of hindwing mostly chalky white with submarginal row reduced to 1 or 3 distinct black spots. The spring form has strongly reduced black marks above and there is heavy green veining ventrally opler and krizek 1984. Identification of butterflies has been made easier with the recent publication of two books. An illustrated natural history hardcover april 1, 1984 by professor paul opler author, professor george krizek author. In east central illinois, larvae of this species are often the m feeding insect on lambsquarters chenopodium a fields capman. Erebia discoidalis kirby reddisked alpine reddisked. Dukes skipper larvae feed on carex lacustris in the northern parts of their range and c.
An illustrated natural history opler, professor paul, krizek, professor george published by the johns hopkins university press 1984. The species is subject to periodic massive irruptions. Hairy vetch vicia villosa is a hardy winter annual cover crop and can add 80150 poundsacre of nitrogen to soil fig. Kids guide to attracting, raising, and keeping butterflies.
They include such species as the larvae of two butterflies, colias cesonia dogface sulphur and hemiargus isola reakirts blue, the seedeating larvae of two weevils, apion amaurum and apion capitone, and melanoplus keeleri luridus keelers grasshopper. Kingsolver 2004, knight 1941, haarstad 2002, campbell et al. The surest differentiation between the two species in the field is the tail coloration and flight behavior. It is singlebrooded in the northernmost united states and canada, and triplebrooded in the southern states.
Identifies hundreds of butterflies found in the eastern united states and describes the characteristics, range, habitat, and behavior of each species butterflies east of the great plains. Butterflies and moths of north america collecting and. The appalachian azure celastrina neglectamajor is a butterfly in the gossamer wings family lycaenidae. George already had excellent slides of many of the eastern butterflies, especially true butterflies, but he lacked photos of many smaller species, especially skippers. Appalachian azure celastrina neglectamajor opler and krizek, 1984.
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